1834 Meyer print DURHAM, ENGLAND (#30)

Description: Universum02_30 1834 Meyer print DURHAM, ENGLAND (#30) Nice view titled Durham, from steel engraving with fine detail and clear impression, nice hand coloring, approx. page size is 25 x 18 cm, approx. image size is 15 x 9.5 cm. From Meyer's Universum, published by Bibliographic Institute Hildburghausen Germany. Durham, city and district, county of Durham, England. The historic core of the city is located on a peninsula in a bend of the River Wear. This natural defensive site, chosen by William I the Conqueror (reigned 1066-87) as a fortress and bulwark against the Scots to the north, soon became a seat of the feudal prince-bishops of Durham, entrusted with the defense of the northern region of the nation. The castle, built to protect the narrow neck of the peninsula on its northern side, was, until 1836, one of the palaces of the bishopric. Early in the 12th century the peninsula was fortified by a wall, much of which has been preserved. Besides its defensive role, medieval Durham was also a place of pilgrimage because it held the remains of St. Cuthbert, a 7th-century ecclesiastic, in the cathedral (begun in 1093 and dedicated to Christ and Blessed Mary the Virgin). The strong ecclesiastical hold on the city during the Middle Ages reflected the wide secular powers of the bishopric. The fortified part on the peninsula was, in early times, governed by the constable (law officer) of the bishops' castle. On the east side of the river, Elvet was held by a Benedictine monastery established at Durham in 1083 (suppressed in 1540). The bishops controlled nearby St. Nicholas and Framwellgate. To the north, St. Giles was created a borough in the 12th century. The bishops of Durham played an important part in establishing the city as an educational centre. A school, now Durham School, was founded in the 15th century; and a bishop was associated with the creation of the university in 1832 and the appropriation of the castle to the university's use in 1836. Originally compactly situated on the peninsula, the university has now developed on a site south of the river. The Gulbenkian Museum of Oriental Art and Archaeology, part of the university's School of Oriental Studies (opened 1960), contains important collections of Far Eastern material. Modern Durham, reflecting its history, remains a religious and educational centre but also serves as the county town (seat). Development of marketing and service sectors in the local economy has been impeded by the proximity of the city to the metropolitan complexes of Newcastle upon Tyne and Teesside. Durham has several small factories specializing in organ construction and carpet manufacture. It has never been an industrial city, however, and the coal-mining enterprise undertaken in Elvet in the 19th century proved short-lived. The area of the district is 73 sq mi (190 sq km). Pop. (1981 prelim.) city, 26,422; (1982 est.) district, 88,700.

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End Time: 2024-12-13T21:22:09.000Z

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